ارزیابی برخی شاخصهای فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه در ژنوتیپهای جوزراعی و جو وحشی در شرایط تنش کمبود آب
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اصل مقاله (148.16 K)
عنوان دوره: سیزدهمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ایران
نویسندگان
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز
2استادیار بخش زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز
چکیده
ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻮﻣﻲ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﺧﻮﻳﺸﺎوﻧﺪ وﺣﺸﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪی ﺑﺮای ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗﻫﺎی ﺟﻮ، آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻼ" ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻲ و ﭼﻬﺎر ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎﻧﺰده رﻗﻢ اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه ﺟﻮ زراﻋﻲ، ﻧﻪ رﻗﻢ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﻮ زراﻋﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Hordeum vulgare و ده ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ وﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﻮ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Hordeum spontaneum در دو ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﻴﺎری ﻣﻄﻠﻮب و ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد آب در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪی ﻇﻬﻮر ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪی ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ زراﻋﺖ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزی داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻴﺮاز اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲداری ﺑﻴﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﺮای ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻧﺴﺒﻲ آب، ﻣﺤﺘﻮای آب اوﻟﻴﻪ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮای آب ﺑﺮگ، آب ﺧﺎرج ﺷﺪه از ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺮﻳﺪهﺷﺪه و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد آب ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻧﺴﺒﻲ آب، ﻣﺤﺘﻮای آب اوﻟﻴﻪ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮای آب ﺑﺮگ، آب ﺧﺎرج ﺷﺪه از ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺮﻳﺪه ﺷﺪه و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺟﻮ ﺷﺪ. در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آﺑﻴﺎری ﻧﺮﻣﺎل رﻗﻢ زراﻋﻲ رﻳﺤﺎن دارای ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻧﺴﺒﻲ آب، ﻣﺤﺘﻮای آب اوﻟﻴﻪ،ﻣﺤﺘﻮای آب ﺑﺮگ و رﻗﻢ زراﻋﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب دارای ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻮد. در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد آب رﻗﻢ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ TN-02-6707 دارای ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻧﺴﺒﻲ آب، رﻗﻢ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ TN-02-6514 دارای ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺤﺘﻮای آب اوﻟﻴﻪ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮای آب ﺑﺮگ ورﻗﻢ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ TN-02-6426 دارای ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻮد. در ﺑﻴﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗﻫﺎی ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪه ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ وﺣﺸﻲ TN-02-758 و رﻗﻢ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ 2-6733 TN به ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ دارای ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار آب خارج ﺷﺪه از ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺮﻳﺪهﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ارﻗﺎم زراﻋﻲ و ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﻲ
داری ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗﻫﺎی وﺣﺸﻲ از ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ و ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﺧﺎرج ﺷﺪه از ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺮﻳﺪهﺷﺪه ﻛﻤﺘﺮی ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ
داری ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗﻫﺎی وﺣﺸﻲ از ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ و ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﺧﺎرج ﺷﺪه از ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺮﻳﺪهﺷﺪه ﻛﻤﺘﺮی ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ
کلیدواژه ها
Title
Evaluation of some physiological indices and grain yield in cultivated and wild barley genotypes under water deficit conditions
Authors
Abstract
Landraces and wild relatives of crops are valuable sources for crop improvement. In order to evaluate some
physiological indices and grain yield of barley genotypes in normal and water deficit conditions, an
experiment was conducted in a factorial layout based on completely randomized design with three replicates
at the greenhouse of Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz
University. The factors were the genotypes (fifteen commercial, nine landraces and ten genotypes of
Hordeum spontaneum and the moisture regimes (100% and 50% of field capacity). Analysis of variance
showed significant differences between the genotypes for grain yield and the physiological indices including
relative water content, initial water content, leaf water content and excised leaf water loss. Water stress
significantly reduced grain yield and the physiological indices. In normal conditions, Reyhan cultivar
showed the maximum of relative water content, initial water content and leaf water content while highest
grain yield was obtained from Jonoob cultivar. In water deficit conditions, the landraces showed the highest
relative water content (TN-02-6707), initial water content and leaf water content (TN-02-6514) and grain
yield (TN-02-6426). TN-02-758, a wild barley genotype and TN-02-6733, a landrace genotype, had
maximum and minimum value of ELWL. The commercial cultivars and the landraces had significantly
higher grain yield and lower ELWL compared with wild barley genotypes.
physiological indices and grain yield of barley genotypes in normal and water deficit conditions, an
experiment was conducted in a factorial layout based on completely randomized design with three replicates
at the greenhouse of Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz
University. The factors were the genotypes (fifteen commercial, nine landraces and ten genotypes of
Hordeum spontaneum and the moisture regimes (100% and 50% of field capacity). Analysis of variance
showed significant differences between the genotypes for grain yield and the physiological indices including
relative water content, initial water content, leaf water content and excised leaf water loss. Water stress
significantly reduced grain yield and the physiological indices. In normal conditions, Reyhan cultivar
showed the maximum of relative water content, initial water content and leaf water content while highest
grain yield was obtained from Jonoob cultivar. In water deficit conditions, the landraces showed the highest
relative water content (TN-02-6707), initial water content and leaf water content (TN-02-6514) and grain
yield (TN-02-6426). TN-02-758, a wild barley genotype and TN-02-6733, a landrace genotype, had
maximum and minimum value of ELWL. The commercial cultivars and the landraces had significantly
higher grain yield and lower ELWL compared with wild barley genotypes.
Keywords
Grain yield, Hordeum spontaneum, Hordeum vulgare, Physiological indices