اﺛﺮ ﻛﻮدﻫﺎی آﻟﻲ، زﻳﺴﺘﻲ، ﺷﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﺮ ﻋﺪد ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻴﻞﻣﺘﺮ در ﮔﻴﺎه داروﻳﻲ ﭘﻨﻴﺮک( .Malva sylvestris L )
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عنوان دوره: سیزدهمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ایران
نویسندگان
1داﻧﺸﺠﻮی ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ رﺷﺘﻪ اﮔﺮواﻛﻮﻟﻮژی ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﻲﻣﺸﻬﺪ
2داﻧﺸﻴﺎر، ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﻲﻣﺸﻬﺪ
3اﺳﺘﺎد ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﻲﻣﺸﻬﺪ
4اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﻲﻣﺸﻬﺪ
چکیده
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮرﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻧﻬﺎدهﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ و راﻳﺞ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ روی ﻗﺮاﺋﺖﻫﺎی ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻴﻞﻣﺘﺮ در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ در ﮔﻴﺎه داروﻳﻲ ﭘﻨﻴﺮک، آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ آراﻳﺶ ﻛﺮتﻫﺎی ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮکﻫﺎی ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﻲ 1391-1392 ﺑﺎ دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺮت
اﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻮد ﮔﺎوی و ﻋﺪم ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻮد ﮔﺎوی و ﻫﻔﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺮت ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻮدهای بیولوژیک 1 - ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻦ 2-بیو سولفور
3- بیو فسفر 4-نیتروکسین + بیوسولفور+بیوفسفر, 5- کودشیمیایی اوره 6- کشت مخلوط با شنبلیله و 7- شاهد انجام شد.
ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار در ﻣﻴﺎن ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻛﺮت اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﻮد)0/05 ≤ P(. ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻴﺎن ﺳﻄﻮح ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺮت اﺻﻠﻲ، ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻮد داﻣﻲ)ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ 53/6 ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪم ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد آن، و ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺳﻄﻮح ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺮت ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎی »ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط« و »ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮر ﺑﻴﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ« )ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦﻫﺎی 55/4 و 54/9 دارای ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺮای ﻋﺪد SPAD ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻋﺪد SPAD در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﭘﻨﻴﺮک در زﻣﺎن ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ »ﺑﻠﻮغ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰی« و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻋﺪد ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻴﻞﻣﺘﺮ رﺳﻴﺪه و ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺮ روﻧﺪ ﻗﺮاﺋﺖﻫﺎی ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻴﻞﻣﺘﺮ آن ﺑﺮازش داد ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﻠﻲﻧﻮﻣﻴﺎل درﺟﻪ3 ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
اﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻮد ﮔﺎوی و ﻋﺪم ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻮد ﮔﺎوی و ﻫﻔﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺮت ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻮدهای بیولوژیک 1 - ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻦ 2-بیو سولفور
3- بیو فسفر 4-نیتروکسین + بیوسولفور+بیوفسفر, 5- کودشیمیایی اوره 6- کشت مخلوط با شنبلیله و 7- شاهد انجام شد.
ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار در ﻣﻴﺎن ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻛﺮت اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﻮد)0/05 ≤ P(. ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻴﺎن ﺳﻄﻮح ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺮت اﺻﻠﻲ، ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻛﻮد داﻣﻲ)ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ 53/6 ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪم ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد آن، و ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺳﻄﻮح ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺮت ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎی »ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط« و »ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﻛﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮر ﺑﻴﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ« )ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦﻫﺎی 55/4 و 54/9 دارای ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺮای ﻋﺪد SPAD ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻋﺪد SPAD در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﭘﻨﻴﺮک در زﻣﺎن ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ »ﺑﻠﻮغ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰی« و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻋﺪد ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻴﻞﻣﺘﺮ رﺳﻴﺪه و ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺮ روﻧﺪ ﻗﺮاﺋﺖﻫﺎی ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﻴﻞﻣﺘﺮ آن ﺑﺮازش داد ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﻠﻲﻧﻮﻣﻴﺎل درﺟﻪ3 ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
کلیدواژه ها
Title
The effect of different sources of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers and intercropping on the SPAD readings in Malva (Malva sylvestris L.)
Authors
Abstract
In order to study the relative superiority of different ecological and conventional inputs by using chlorophyll meter readings on Malva (Malva sylvestris L.), an experiment conducted during the growing
season of 2013 with arrangement of a Split-Plot design based on the RCBD, with three replications and two levels of main plot factors including: (a1)-Application of cattle mannure and (a2)-Withought application of cattle manure, and seven levels of subplot fsctors including: (b1)-Nitroxin®, (b2)-Biosulfur®, (b3)-Biophosphorus®, (b4)-Nitroxin + Biosulfur + Biophosphorus, (b5)-Chemical Fertilizer (b6)-Intercropping and (b7)Control. ANOVA results showed the significant differences between main and subplot factors(P≤0.05). Among the levels of main plot factors (a1) whith mean of 53.6, and among the levels of subplot factors (b6) and (b4) with means of 55.4 and 54.9, had the highest SPAD values. Also studying the SPAD readings trend during the growing season showed that Malva reached to the "Photosyntetic maturity" and highest values of SPAD at the flowering stage. The best fitted curve for this trend can be shown with a 3 degree Polynomial function.
season of 2013 with arrangement of a Split-Plot design based on the RCBD, with three replications and two levels of main plot factors including: (a1)-Application of cattle mannure and (a2)-Withought application of cattle manure, and seven levels of subplot fsctors including: (b1)-Nitroxin®, (b2)-Biosulfur®, (b3)-Biophosphorus®, (b4)-Nitroxin + Biosulfur + Biophosphorus, (b5)-Chemical Fertilizer (b6)-Intercropping and (b7)Control. ANOVA results showed the significant differences between main and subplot factors(P≤0.05). Among the levels of main plot factors (a1) whith mean of 53.6, and among the levels of subplot factors (b6) and (b4) with means of 55.4 and 54.9, had the highest SPAD values. Also studying the SPAD readings trend during the growing season showed that Malva reached to the "Photosyntetic maturity" and highest values of SPAD at the flowering stage. The best fitted curve for this trend can be shown with a 3 degree Polynomial function.
Keywords
Chlorophyll, SPAD, Nitroxin, Biosulphorus, Ecological inputs