ارزیابی عمل ژنها و برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات مهمکمیوکیفی توتون از طریق تجزیه میانگین نسل ها
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عنوان دوره: سیزدهمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ایران
نویسندگان
1ﻣﺤﻘﻖ و رﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﺨﺶ ژﻧﺘﻴﻚ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎت ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺗﻮﺗﻮن ﮔﻴﻼن
2اﺳﺘﺎد داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزی داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻴﻼن
3داﻧﺸﻴﺎرداﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزی داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻴﻼن
4کارﺷﻨﺎس اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎت ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺗﻮﺗﻮن ﮔﻴﻼ
چکیده
ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﻞﻫﺎ ( Generation Mean Analysis = GMA ) ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ روش ﻫﺎی ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﻤـﻲ
ﺑﺮای ﺑﺮآورد اﺛﺮات ژﻧﻲ و اراﺋﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎی ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﻤﻲ اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﺷﺶ ﻧﺴـﻞ P1 ،BC2 ، BC1 ، F2 ، F1 ،P2 در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﺶ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ Deliot × Be1 61-10 , FixedA1 × Deliot ، C55 × FixedA1 ،Virginia-Gold × NC55 , Coker319 × Virginia-Gold ،Be161-10 × Coker319 ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻮع ﻋﻤﻞ ژن ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮآورد ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﻮﺗﻮن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮگ ﺧﺸﻚ، ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑـﺮگ، ﻗﻴﻤـﺖ ﻳـﻚ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮگ و ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﻞﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮای ﺻﻔﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮد ﺑـﺮگ ﺧﺸـﻚ اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻣﺸﺘﺮک ﺑﺮای ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎی ﺳﻪ، ﭼﻬﺎر وﭘﻨﺞ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﺑﻮدن آزﻣﻮن و ﻋﺪم ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎ ﺑـﻮد، ﺑـﻪ ﻃﻮری ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺪل ﺷﺶ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮی ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻮد ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ از ﺗﻨﻮع ﺻﻔﺖ اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ درﺟﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ژن ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ 14/90 ﺑـﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ، ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎی ژﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮگ ﺧﺸﻚ دارای ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓـﻮق ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴـﺖ ژن ﻫـﺎ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ. ﺑـﺮای ﺻـﻔﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ، اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻣﺸﺘﺮک ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺪل ﺳﻪ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮی ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮری ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ از ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎی ژﻧﻲ، اﺛـﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﭘﻴﺴﺘﺎزی ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار روی ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻜﺎنﻫﺎی ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺻﻔﺖ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﺛﺮات اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴـﺖ ﻣﻌﻨـﻲ دار ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ. ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ درﺟﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ژنﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/43 ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻛﻪ ژنﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ داﺷﺘﻪ و اﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ژنﻫﺎ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﻜـﺎن ﻫـﺎی ژﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺻﻔﺖ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﻮد. اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس ﻣﺸـﺘﺮک ﺟﻬـﺖ آزﻣـﻮن ﻛﻔﺎﻳـﺖ ﻣـﺪل اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ- ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺮای ﺻﻔﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار و ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨـﺪه ﻋـﺪم ﻛﻔﺎﻳـﺖ ﻣـﺪل ﺳـﻪ ﭘـﺎراﻣﺘﺮی ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ اﺛـﺮات اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺻﻔﺖ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻣﻬﻤـﻲ دارﻧـﺪ. ﺑﻌـﻼوه اﻧﺠـﺎم آزﻣـﻮن t-
student ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪه اﺛﺮات اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ و اﭘﻴﺴﺘﺎزی اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ × اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ در ﻣﺪل ﺷﺶ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮی ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻳـﻦ دو ﻧـﻮع ﻋﻤﻞ ژن ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺻﻔﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﺛﺮ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ژنﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮاه اﭘﻴﺴـﺘﺎزی ﻫـﺎی اﻓﺰاﻳﺸـﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ × ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺻﻔﺖ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه دارﻧﺪ
ﺑﺮای ﺑﺮآورد اﺛﺮات ژﻧﻲ و اراﺋﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎی ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﻤﻲ اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﺷﺶ ﻧﺴـﻞ P1 ،BC2 ، BC1 ، F2 ، F1 ،P2 در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﺶ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ Deliot × Be1 61-10 , FixedA1 × Deliot ، C55 × FixedA1 ،Virginia-Gold × NC55 , Coker319 × Virginia-Gold ،Be161-10 × Coker319 ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻮع ﻋﻤﻞ ژن ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮآورد ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﻮﺗﻮن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮگ ﺧﺸﻚ، ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑـﺮگ، ﻗﻴﻤـﺖ ﻳـﻚ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮگ و ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﻞﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮای ﺻﻔﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮد ﺑـﺮگ ﺧﺸـﻚ اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻣﺸﺘﺮک ﺑﺮای ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎی ﺳﻪ، ﭼﻬﺎر وﭘﻨﺞ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﺑﻮدن آزﻣﻮن و ﻋﺪم ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎ ﺑـﻮد، ﺑـﻪ ﻃﻮری ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺪل ﺷﺶ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮی ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻮد ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ از ﺗﻨﻮع ﺻﻔﺖ اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ درﺟﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ژن ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ 14/90 ﺑـﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ، ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎی ژﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮگ ﺧﺸﻚ دارای ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓـﻮق ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴـﺖ ژن ﻫـﺎ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ. ﺑـﺮای ﺻـﻔﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ، اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻣﺸﺘﺮک ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺪل ﺳﻪ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮی ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮری ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ از ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎی ژﻧﻲ، اﺛـﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﭘﻴﺴﺘﺎزی ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار روی ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻜﺎنﻫﺎی ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺻﻔﺖ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﺛﺮات اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴـﺖ ﻣﻌﻨـﻲ دار ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ. ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ درﺟﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ژنﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/43 ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻛﻪ ژنﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ داﺷﺘﻪ و اﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ژنﻫﺎ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﻜـﺎن ﻫـﺎی ژﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺻﻔﺖ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﻮد. اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس ﻣﺸـﺘﺮک ﺟﻬـﺖ آزﻣـﻮن ﻛﻔﺎﻳـﺖ ﻣـﺪل اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ- ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺮای ﺻﻔﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار و ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨـﺪه ﻋـﺪم ﻛﻔﺎﻳـﺖ ﻣـﺪل ﺳـﻪ ﭘـﺎراﻣﺘﺮی ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ اﺛـﺮات اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺻﻔﺖ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻣﻬﻤـﻲ دارﻧـﺪ. ﺑﻌـﻼوه اﻧﺠـﺎم آزﻣـﻮن t-
student ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪه اﺛﺮات اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ و اﭘﻴﺴﺘﺎزی اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ × اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ در ﻣﺪل ﺷﺶ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮی ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻳـﻦ دو ﻧـﻮع ﻋﻤﻞ ژن ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺻﻔﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﺛﺮ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ژنﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮاه اﭘﻴﺴـﺘﺎزی ﻫـﺎی اﻓﺰاﻳﺸـﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ و ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ × ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺻﻔﺖ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه دارﻧﺪ
کلیدواژه ها
Title
Evaluation of gene action and estimation of grnrtical parameters of quantitative and quality traits of flue-cured tobacco varieties via generation mean analysis
Authors
Abstract
bstract
Generation Mean Analysis ( GMA ) is one of the most important biometrical approaches to estimate geneticcal effects and to provide the best genetical model for justifying the quantitative traits variation. Because of that, six generation of P1 , P2 , F1 , F2 , BC1 and BC2 provided from six different crosses including : NC55 x FixedA1 , FixedA1 x Deliot , Deliot x Be161-10 , Be161-10 x Coker319 , Coker319 x Virginia-Gold and Virginia-Gold x NC55 were evaluate to estimate the genetical parameters controlling some important flue-cured tobacco traits such as dry-leaves yield, number of leaves, price of 1 kg leaves and leaf area index. The application of joint scaling test on dry-leaves yield showed that six-parameter model could justify trait variation and the other models were not signficant. Average degree of dominance was -14.90 suggesting that over-dominance is present to control dry-leaves yield. The joint scaling test for number of leaves revealed that three-parameter model could be fitted to the observed data, ie, Any of loci did not have epistatic effect on the other loci and just additive and dominant effect were signficant. The average degree of dominance for number of leaves ( -0.43 ) showed that partial dominance controls the triat expression. The use of joint scaling test to examine the additive-dominance model on leaf area index ( LAI ) revealed that interaction between loci had important effectsion the controlling of the trait. On the other hand, the significance test of effects showed that additive and additivexadditive epistatic effect were not significant in six-parameter model.
Generation Mean Analysis ( GMA ) is one of the most important biometrical approaches to estimate geneticcal effects and to provide the best genetical model for justifying the quantitative traits variation. Because of that, six generation of P1 , P2 , F1 , F2 , BC1 and BC2 provided from six different crosses including : NC55 x FixedA1 , FixedA1 x Deliot , Deliot x Be161-10 , Be161-10 x Coker319 , Coker319 x Virginia-Gold and Virginia-Gold x NC55 were evaluate to estimate the genetical parameters controlling some important flue-cured tobacco traits such as dry-leaves yield, number of leaves, price of 1 kg leaves and leaf area index. The application of joint scaling test on dry-leaves yield showed that six-parameter model could justify trait variation and the other models were not signficant. Average degree of dominance was -14.90 suggesting that over-dominance is present to control dry-leaves yield. The joint scaling test for number of leaves revealed that three-parameter model could be fitted to the observed data, ie, Any of loci did not have epistatic effect on the other loci and just additive and dominant effect were signficant. The average degree of dominance for number of leaves ( -0.43 ) showed that partial dominance controls the triat expression. The use of joint scaling test to examine the additive-dominance model on leaf area index ( LAI ) revealed that interaction between loci had important effectsion the controlling of the trait. On the other hand, the significance test of effects showed that additive and additivexadditive epistatic effect were not significant in six-parameter model.
Keywords
Tobacco, Generation Mean Analysis