ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺛﺒﺎت و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ دو ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ GDD(درﺟﻪ روز رﺷﺪ) وCHU (واﺣﺪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه) در ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﺳﻴﺪه ﮔﻲ ذرت داﻧﻪ ای
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عنوان دوره: سیزدهمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ایران
نویسندگان
1کامران انوری ساوجبلاغی؛ 2مهدی تاج بخش؛ 3رجب چوگان؛ 4معروف خلیلی؛ 1کیوان پیروتی؛ 1منوچهر حاجی آقایاری
1ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی میاندوآب
2دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه
3موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال وبذر
4دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز مهاباد
چکیده
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺛﺒﺎت و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ دو ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺣﺮارﺗﻲGDDو CHU در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﺳـ ﻴﺪﮔﻲ ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد15 ﻫﻴﺒﺮﻳـ ﺪ ذرت در 4 ﻛﻼس رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ در اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﺪوآب ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻫﻴﺒﺮﻳﺪﻫﺎی ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳــﻲ ﻋﺒــﺎرت ﺑﻮدﻧــﺪ ازKSC704 و700 KSC از ﮔــﺮوه دﻳــﺮرسﻫــﺎ ، KSC604، KSC647و KSC500 از ﮔــﺮوه ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂرسﻫﺎ، OSSK373، KSC340، KSC302 ، BC404،OSSK444، KSC400 و BC354 از ﮔﺮوه ﻧﻴﻤـﻪ زودرسﻫـﺎ و KSC260 ، BC282 و BC250 از ﮔﺮوه زودرسﻫﺎ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻛﺮتﻫﺎی ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪهSplit-Plot ) ( در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻃـﺮح ﭘﺎ ﻳـ ﻪ ﺑﻠﻮکﻫﺎی ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در 4 ﺗﻜﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ ﻛﺮتﻫﺎی اﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 3 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 15 روز از ﻫـﻢ در ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪ. ﻛﺮتﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 15 ﻫﻴﺒﺮﻳﺪ ذرت ﺑﻮد.ﺑﺮای ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ از دو ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ درﺟﻪ روزﻫﺎی رﺷﺪ )GDD( و واﺣﺪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﮔﻴـ ﺎه (CHU) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. واﺣﺪﻫﺎی ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ آﻣﺎر روزاﻧﻪ ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮای ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ روﻳﺸﻲ ، ﻇﻬﻮر ﮔﻞﺗﺎﺟﻲ ، دوره ﮔـﺮده اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻲ، ﻇﻬﻮر ﻛﺎﻛﻞ، ﻇﻬﻮر ﻛﺎﻛﻞ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﻤﻪای ﺷﺪن داﻧﻪﻫﺎ، ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﻤﻪای ﺗﺎ ﺷﻴﺮی ﺷﺪن ، ﺷـ ﻴﺮی ﺗـﺎ ﺧﻤ ﻴـ ﺮی ﺷـﺪن ، دوره ﭘـﺮ ﺷﺪن داﻧﻪ ﻇﻬﻮر ﻛﺎﻛﻞ ﺗﺎ رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ و رﺳﻴﺪن ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﻫﺮ دو ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ و ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷـﺪ ﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎ ﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ واﺣﺪﻫﺎی ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﻫﺮ دو ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ GDDو CHU ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﻲ ) ﺗـﺎر ﻳﺦ ﻛﺸـﺖ( ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻋﻲ) ارﻗﺎم( و اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻫﺮ دو ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ و در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژی ذرت در ﺳﻄﺢ آﻣﺎری 1 اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺛﺒﺎت و ﭘﺎﻳﺪاری واﺣﺪﻫﺎی ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺑﺮای ﻇﻬﻮر ﻫﺮ ﻳـﻚ از ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ ﻓﻨﻮﻟـﻮژ ی ذرت ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ رسیدﮔﻲ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺮای ﻫﺮ دو ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻮد.
کلیدواژه ها
Title
Comparison of stability and sustainability of two thermal requirement determination systems, GDD and CHU in different maturity groups of grain corn.
Authors
Abstract
In order to compare the stability and sustainability of two thermal requirement determination systems in different maturity groups,as many as 15 corn hybrids from 4 maturity categories were studied at Miyandoab Agricultural Research StationHybrids including: late-maturing group(KSC704,KSC700),mid- maturing group (KSC647,KSC604,KSC500),semi-early maturing group(KSC400, OSSK444,BC404, KSC302,KSC340,OSSK373,BC354) and early- maturing group(KSC260,BC250,BC282).The experimental design was Split- Plot arranged in RCB with three planting dates(from mid-ordibehesht at 15 – day intervals). Main plots consisted of three planting dates and sup-plots consisted 15 hybrids.
To determine the thermal requirement 2 systems were used: GDD, CHU.
The required heat units were determined based on 2 systems and compared together. These heat units were determined for vegetative stage, tassel emergence, pollination period, silking stage, silking emergence to blistering of seeds, blistering to milking, milking to dough, grain filling period and physiological maturity. The results of the analysis of variance of the heat units based on the three systems ( GDD, CHU ) showed that the effect of main factor ( planting date), sub- factor ( lines ) and their interaction in all 2 systems and during all phonological stages of corn showed a significant difference at %1 level.
The maximum stability and sustainability of thermal units for each phonological stages of corn were related to the physiological maturity stage in both systems.
To determine the thermal requirement 2 systems were used: GDD, CHU.
The required heat units were determined based on 2 systems and compared together. These heat units were determined for vegetative stage, tassel emergence, pollination period, silking stage, silking emergence to blistering of seeds, blistering to milking, milking to dough, grain filling period and physiological maturity. The results of the analysis of variance of the heat units based on the three systems ( GDD, CHU ) showed that the effect of main factor ( planting date), sub- factor ( lines ) and their interaction in all 2 systems and during all phonological stages of corn showed a significant difference at %1 level.
The maximum stability and sustainability of thermal units for each phonological stages of corn were related to the physiological maturity stage in both systems.
Keywords
corn, Planting date, Thermal reqnirement, CHU, GDD