تعیین ضرائب قابلیت حیات بذر در دو رقم سویا
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عنوان دوره: سیزدهمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ایران
نویسندگان
1استادیار گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور، سقز، ایران.
2استاد گروه زراعت دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان،
3استادگروه تولیدات گیاهی دانشگاه غیرانتفاعی -غیردولتی بهاران
4استادیار گروه زراعت دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان،
چکیده
ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﻲ ﺑﺬور ﺳﻮﻳﺎ در ﻃﻲ اﻧﺒﺎرداری ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺬر ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﺮدن رواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﻧﺒﺎر و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺣﻴﺎت ﺑﺬر ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺬر ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻮان ﺣﻴﺎت ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ را ﺑﺎ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎی اﻧﺒﺎر ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد ﭘـﭙﺶ ﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ. از اﻳـﻦ رو اﻳـﻦ تحقیق برای تعیین ضرائب قابلیت حیات در دو ر قم سویا (سحر و دیپیایکس) با 5 سطح رطوبتی ( ،15 و 18 درصد) و 6 دما ( 25 ،9 ،7/
، 35، 40، 45 و 50 )درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺬر داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن ﺑﺎﺟﺮا درآﻣـﺪ. ﺑـﺬور از ﻣﺤﺘـﻮی رﻃـﻮﺑﺘﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ 7/87 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن آب ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻳﻞﻫﺎی آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﻮی ﺑﺬر و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮدن در ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎژل )ﻫـﺮ دو روش در دﻣـﺎی20 درﺟـﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد( ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح رﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ رﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎی دﻣﺎﻳﻲ در دﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﻧﻜﻮﺑﺎﺗﻮر ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺮداری از ﻫـﺮ ﺗﻴﻤـﺎر دﻣﺎﻳﻲ- رﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎی ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻫﻴﮕﺮوﺳﻜﻮﭘﻴﻚ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﻬـﺎی ﻧﻤﻜـﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ رﺳـﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺣﻴـﺎت ﺑـﺮای دو رﻗـﻢ دی ﭘـﻲ اﻳﻜـﺲ و ﺳـﺤﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﻋﺒـﺎرت ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ ازKE=5.0833, 6.619 CW=1.636, 1.762
CH=0.0076, 0.0365 ;CQ=0.00059, 0.00029;. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﻴﻦ دور ﻗﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺿـﺮاﻳﺐ رﻃـﻮﺑﺘﻲ KE وCW ﺑـﻮد )ﺳـﻄﺢ5 درﺻﺪ(. دو رﻗﻢ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ دﻣﺎﺋﻲCHt وCQ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ دارای اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲداری ﻧﺒﻮدﻧﺪ .ﺿﺮاﺋﺐ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮای ﺳﻮﻳﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺿـﺮاﺋﺐ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺮای ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮد. اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﮔﻮﻳﺎی اﺧﺘﻼف ارﻗﺎم در واﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ در ﻃـﻲ دوره اﻧﺒﺎرداری اﺳﺖ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺮای اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺧﺎص ﻫﺮ رﻗﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد.
، 35، 40، 45 و 50 )درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺬر داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن ﺑﺎﺟﺮا درآﻣـﺪ. ﺑـﺬور از ﻣﺤﺘـﻮی رﻃـﻮﺑﺘﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ 7/87 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن آب ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻳﻞﻫﺎی آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﻮی ﺑﺬر و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮدن در ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎژل )ﻫـﺮ دو روش در دﻣـﺎی20 درﺟـﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد( ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح رﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ رﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎی دﻣﺎﻳﻲ در دﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﻧﻜﻮﺑﺎﺗﻮر ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺮداری از ﻫـﺮ ﺗﻴﻤـﺎر دﻣﺎﻳﻲ- رﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎی ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻫﻴﮕﺮوﺳﻜﻮﭘﻴﻚ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﻬـﺎی ﻧﻤﻜـﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ رﺳـﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺣﻴـﺎت ﺑـﺮای دو رﻗـﻢ دی ﭘـﻲ اﻳﻜـﺲ و ﺳـﺤﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﻋﺒـﺎرت ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ ازKE=5.0833, 6.619 CW=1.636, 1.762
CH=0.0076, 0.0365 ;CQ=0.00059, 0.00029;. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﻴﻦ دور ﻗﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺿـﺮاﻳﺐ رﻃـﻮﺑﺘﻲ KE وCW ﺑـﻮد )ﺳـﻄﺢ5 درﺻﺪ(. دو رﻗﻢ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ دﻣﺎﺋﻲCHt وCQ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ دارای اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲداری ﻧﺒﻮدﻧﺪ .ﺿﺮاﺋﺐ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮای ﺳﻮﻳﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺿـﺮاﺋﺐ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺮای ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮد. اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﮔﻮﻳﺎی اﺧﺘﻼف ارﻗﺎم در واﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ در ﻃـﻲ دوره اﻧﺒﺎرداری اﺳﺖ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺮای اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺧﺎص ﻫﺮ رﻗﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد.
کلیدواژه ها
Title
The estimation of survival coefficients of two seed soybean cultivars
Authors
Abstract
The germination potential of soybean seeds (Glycine max (L)) declines more rapidly during storage
than it does in other other grain crops. This investigation was conducted to determine equation
coefficients of seed deterioration model for Iran. Seeds of two soybean cultivars were tested using 5
moisture content levels, raging from 7.5% to 18%, in 6 storage temperatures of 25 to 50oC. Seed
moisture content level was reached from an initial value (around 7.87) either by adding water, in
aluminum-foil packets, or by drying them in desiccators containing silica gel, both at 20oC. Seed sub
samples for each moisture content/temperature treatment were sealed in laminated aluminum-foil
packets and stored in incubators at those temperatures until complete survival curves were obtained.
Seed equilibrium relative humidity was recorded. Estimated viability constants to predict seed
longevity were: KE=5.0833, 6.619; CW=1.636, 1.762; CH=0.0076, 0.0365 and CQ=0.00059, 0.00029
for DPX and Sahar cultivars, respectively. Within a species, estimates of the constants differed
(P>0.05). This variant may have been related to Ki or variation among the seed lots in their rates of
deterioration at a constant temperature and seed moisture level. These results suggest that variations
occurred with the viability constants of a seed deterioration model between the soybean cultivars
and that the use of cultivar specific viability constants should be made for predictions of seed
germination during storage.
than it does in other other grain crops. This investigation was conducted to determine equation
coefficients of seed deterioration model for Iran. Seeds of two soybean cultivars were tested using 5
moisture content levels, raging from 7.5% to 18%, in 6 storage temperatures of 25 to 50oC. Seed
moisture content level was reached from an initial value (around 7.87) either by adding water, in
aluminum-foil packets, or by drying them in desiccators containing silica gel, both at 20oC. Seed sub
samples for each moisture content/temperature treatment were sealed in laminated aluminum-foil
packets and stored in incubators at those temperatures until complete survival curves were obtained.
Seed equilibrium relative humidity was recorded. Estimated viability constants to predict seed
longevity were: KE=5.0833, 6.619; CW=1.636, 1.762; CH=0.0076, 0.0365 and CQ=0.00059, 0.00029
for DPX and Sahar cultivars, respectively. Within a species, estimates of the constants differed
(P>0.05). This variant may have been related to Ki or variation among the seed lots in their rates of
deterioration at a constant temperature and seed moisture level. These results suggest that variations
occurred with the viability constants of a seed deterioration model between the soybean cultivars
and that the use of cultivar specific viability constants should be made for predictions of seed
germination during storage.
Keywords
Longevity coefficients, Soybean cultivar, germination