اثر تنش گرما روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام برنج در مراحل رشد زایشی
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اصل مقاله (133.22 K)
عنوان دوره: سیزدهمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ایران
نویسندگان
دانشجوی دکتری- دانشگاه پوترا مالزی،
چکیده
اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺮب اﺛﺮ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای ﻛﺮه زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و اﺟﺰای ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﮔﺮدد. در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای از ﻃﺮح ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎی دو ﺑﺎر ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻠﻮک ﻫﺎی ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﻜﺮاراﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎی اﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ )38°C±2(، ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﺎدی )32°C±2( ، در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم روز و )22°C±2( ، در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺷﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﻼت ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارﻗﺎم ﻫﻮﻳﺰه، ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ، ﻓﺠﺮ و ام آر219( ، ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﺷﺪ )آﺑﺴﺘﻨﻲ، ﮔﻞ دﻫﻲ و رﺳﻴﺪن( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و اﺟﺰای ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺛﺮ، ﮔﻠﭽﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺎرور، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ و ﮔﻠﭽﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻧﺎﻗﺺ( اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮی ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ رﺷﺪ در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ از ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر اﺛﺮ ارﻗﺎم در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داری ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ، ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ رﺷﺪ و ارﻗﺎم در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻞ دﻫﻲ و آﺑﺴﺘﻨﻲ ﺷﺪ، ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داری در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ رﺷﺪ ﻋﺎدی ﻣﺸﺎده ﻧﺸﺪ.ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺗﻤﺎم ارﻗﺎم ﻃﻲ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ و در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﺎدی ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داری ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮد. ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﮔﻠﺪان در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻞ دﻫﻲ و در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ در رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ)6,8g و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد در ام آر 219ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ )45g در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﺎدی ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ روی ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و اﺟﺰای ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﻣﻌﻨﻲ داری ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.
کلیدواژه ها
Title
Heat stress effects on yield parameters of selected rice cultivars at reproductive growth stages
Authors
Abstract
One of the overwhelming and deleterious effects of global warming on rice production is heat
temperature resulting in rice crop during critical growth stages and consequently, yield and yield
components decline. A glasshouse experiment has been conducted using randomized complete
block design in split plot arrangement with four replications. The main plots included heat stress
(38oC+2), normal condition (32oC+2) for day time and (22oC+2) for night time. Sub plots included
cultivars (Hovaze, Hashemi, Fajr and MR219) and sub-sub plot included different growth stages
(booting, flowering and ripening). Yield and yield components (Effective tillers, Fertile spikelets,
Sterile spikelets, 1000 grain weight and Aborted spikelets) were measured. The main effects of heat
stress and growth stage were significant on all parameters except on effective tillers. Furthermore,
Cultivar effect was found significant in all traits. Also, interaction effect of heat stress × growth
stage × cultivar was significant on all parameters except for effective tillers. Heat stress decreased
grain yield at flowering and booting, subsequently no significant difference was achieved at
ripening stage in comparison with normal growth condition. Grain yield of all cultivars declined
during heat stress comparing with normal condition, significantly. The lowest grain yield per pot
was observed in Hashemi (6.8 g pot-1) at flowering stage during heat stress condition and the
highest was found in MR219 (42- 45 g pot-1) during normal condition. The greater fertile spikelets
were found in MR219 receiving normal condition throughout the growing season. However, lesser
number of fertile spikelets appeared by imposing heat stress during flowering and booting stages,
respectively. 1000 grain weight was reduced at booting and flowering stages during heat stress. In
conclusion, the major reason for yield reduction of all cultivars was enhancement of sterile and
aborted spikelet numbers when plants exposed to heat stress during booting and flowering phases.
However, yield and yield components were not influenced by heat stress during ripening stage
temperature resulting in rice crop during critical growth stages and consequently, yield and yield
components decline. A glasshouse experiment has been conducted using randomized complete
block design in split plot arrangement with four replications. The main plots included heat stress
(38oC+2), normal condition (32oC+2) for day time and (22oC+2) for night time. Sub plots included
cultivars (Hovaze, Hashemi, Fajr and MR219) and sub-sub plot included different growth stages
(booting, flowering and ripening). Yield and yield components (Effective tillers, Fertile spikelets,
Sterile spikelets, 1000 grain weight and Aborted spikelets) were measured. The main effects of heat
stress and growth stage were significant on all parameters except on effective tillers. Furthermore,
Cultivar effect was found significant in all traits. Also, interaction effect of heat stress × growth
stage × cultivar was significant on all parameters except for effective tillers. Heat stress decreased
grain yield at flowering and booting, subsequently no significant difference was achieved at
ripening stage in comparison with normal growth condition. Grain yield of all cultivars declined
during heat stress comparing with normal condition, significantly. The lowest grain yield per pot
was observed in Hashemi (6.8 g pot-1) at flowering stage during heat stress condition and the
highest was found in MR219 (42- 45 g pot-1) during normal condition. The greater fertile spikelets
were found in MR219 receiving normal condition throughout the growing season. However, lesser
number of fertile spikelets appeared by imposing heat stress during flowering and booting stages,
respectively. 1000 grain weight was reduced at booting and flowering stages during heat stress. In
conclusion, the major reason for yield reduction of all cultivars was enhancement of sterile and
aborted spikelet numbers when plants exposed to heat stress during booting and flowering phases.
However, yield and yield components were not influenced by heat stress during ripening stage
Keywords
rice, growth stage, Yield, Heat stress