تاثیر نظامهای مختلف خاکورزی بر یکنواختی علفهای هرز در ذرت علوفهایEffect of different tillage systems on weed uniformity in forage corn
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اصل مقاله (159.5 K)
عنوان دوره: سیزدهمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ایران
نویسندگان
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
2عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
چکیده
ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺧﺎکورزی، ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ رﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮ را ﺑﺮای ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ زدن ﺧﺎک در روشﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎکورزی ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮای رﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎی ﻫﺮز ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎکورزی ﻣﺘﺪاول، ﻛﻢﺧﺎکورزی و ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎکورزی ﺑﺮ روی ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎی ﻫﺮز ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﺑﺘﺪا و اﻧﺘﻬﺎی دوره ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎی ﻫﺮز ذرت ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪای آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻧﺴﺘﺪ و در ﺳﺎل 1392 در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن آزادﺷﻬﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ در ﺳﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﺮای اﺟﺮای ﺳﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎکورزی اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ زﻣﻴﻦ 1500 ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎدر ﻳﻚ در ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، از ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ زﻣﻴﻦ، ﺗﻌﺪاد 15 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه و در ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎدر ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎی ﻫﺮز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺷﺪ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ اﺳﻤﻴﺖ-وﻳﻠﺴﻮن در اﺑﺘﺪا و اﻧﺘﻬﺎی دوره ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎی ﻫﺮز ﺑﺮای ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎکورزی ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدل 0/54 و 0/56 ﺑﻮد. اﻳﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ در اﺑﺘﺪا و اﻧﺘﻬﺎی دوره ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎی ﻫﺮز ﻣﻘﺪار اﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در ﻧﻈﺎم ﺧﺎکورزی ﻣﺘﺪاول و ﻛﻢﺧﺎکورزی ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان 0/51 و 0/51 ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎی ﻫﺮز در ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎکورزی در ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﺑﺘﺪا و اﻧﺘﻬﺎی دوره ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎی ﻫﺮز، از ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮی ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.
کلیدواژه ها
Title
Effect of different tillage systems on weed uniformity in forage corn
Authors
Abstract
Tillage prepares optimum conditions for growth and development of crops. Decreasing of soil disturbance in
the different methods of conservation tillage could be resulted in optimal conditions for growth of various
weeds. To investigate the effect of different tillage systems (conventional, minimum tillage and no-tillage)
on density and uniformity of weeds at beginning and end of critical weed control period in forage corn field,
a study was conducted in a Nested design in Azadshahr during 2013 growing season. The experiment was
done in three separate plots and the size of each plot was 1500 m2. 15 samples were selected in each plot
using a 1*1 m2 quadrate and number of weeds species were counted, separately in each plot. Smith-Wilson
index was obtained 0.54 and 0.56 for no-tillage system at beginning and end of critical weed control period,
respectively. This index obtained 0.51 and 0.51 for conventional and minimum tillage systems, respectively
at beginning of critical weed control period. The results suggested that weeds had less uniformity in notillage
system in both two stages, at the beginning and end of critical weed control period.
the different methods of conservation tillage could be resulted in optimal conditions for growth of various
weeds. To investigate the effect of different tillage systems (conventional, minimum tillage and no-tillage)
on density and uniformity of weeds at beginning and end of critical weed control period in forage corn field,
a study was conducted in a Nested design in Azadshahr during 2013 growing season. The experiment was
done in three separate plots and the size of each plot was 1500 m2. 15 samples were selected in each plot
using a 1*1 m2 quadrate and number of weeds species were counted, separately in each plot. Smith-Wilson
index was obtained 0.54 and 0.56 for no-tillage system at beginning and end of critical weed control period,
respectively. This index obtained 0.51 and 0.51 for conventional and minimum tillage systems, respectively
at beginning of critical weed control period. The results suggested that weeds had less uniformity in notillage
system in both two stages, at the beginning and end of critical weed control period.
Keywords
corn, tillage system, uniformity index, Weed