ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎی SSR در ارﻗﺎم ﺗﺠﺎرﺗﻲ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن (.Triticum aestivum L )
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عنوان دوره: سیزدهمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ایران
نویسندگان
1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه اصلاح و بیوتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه
2دانشیار گروه اصلاح و بیوتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه
چکیده
ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن ).Triticum aestivum L( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻪ و ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه دﻧﻴﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر وﺳﻴﻊ در اﻟﮕﻮی ﻣﺼﺮف 75 درﺻﺪ از ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻗﺮاردارد. در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ 50 رﻗﻢ ﺗﺠﺎرﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 20 ﺟﻔﺖ آﻏﺎزﮔﺮ SSR ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ. 19 آﻏﺎزﮔﺮ در ﺑﻴﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ و در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 57 آﻟﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد آﻟﻞ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن از 1 )Xgwm 44( ﺗﺎ 4 )Xgwm 47( ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ و ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ آن 2/8 ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻫﺘﺮوزﻳﮕﻮﺳﻴﺘﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر 0/66 و ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه )0/96 و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن )1/09 ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻜﺎنﻫﺎی Xgwm149 و Xgwm160 ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪای ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس 19 ﻣﻜﺎن SSR، ﺑﻪ روش UPGMA و ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺳﺎده، 50 رﻗﻢ را در 3 ﮔﺮوه اﺻﻠﻲ ﻗﺮارداد. داﻣﻨﻪ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ از 0/44 ﺗﺎ 1 ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ و ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ آن 0/72 ﺑﻮد. ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ زﻳﺎد ﺑﻴﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوه ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی اﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داﻣﻨﻪ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ارﻗﺎم ﺗﺠﺎرﺗﻲ ﺷﺪه و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﻨﺪمﻫﺎی ﺗﺠﺎرﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺿﺮوری ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ زﻳﺎد ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان از ارﻗﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان واﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی اﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﮔﻨﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد.
کلیدواژه ها
Title
SSR-based assessment of genetic diversity in commercial bread wheat cultivars
Authors
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is known as the first and most important cereal crop in world and widely
consumed by 75% of the world populations. In the current investigation, genetic diversity of 50 commercial wheat cultivars were assessed using 20 SSR loci. Out of the primers used, 19 were polymorphic among cultivars and 57 alleles amplified in general. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 (Xgwm44) to 4 (Xgwm47), averaging 2.8. The maximum value of expected (0.66) and observed heterozygosity (0.96), as well as the maximum amount of Shannon's information index (1.09) were for SSRs Xgwm149 and Xgwm160. Cluster analysis based on 19 SSR loci, by simple matching similarity coefficient and UPGMA method, grouped 50 cultivars in three major categories. Similarity coefficients ranged from 0.44 to 1 with a mean value of 0.72. High similarity coefficients achieved within each cluster showed that bread wheat breeding programs in Iran have reduced the genetic diversity, making it necessary to extend the genetic base of bread wheat collection. Also, according to the enough genetic distance between groups, cultivars in divergent groups could be potentially used as parents in wheat breeding programs.
consumed by 75% of the world populations. In the current investigation, genetic diversity of 50 commercial wheat cultivars were assessed using 20 SSR loci. Out of the primers used, 19 were polymorphic among cultivars and 57 alleles amplified in general. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 (Xgwm44) to 4 (Xgwm47), averaging 2.8. The maximum value of expected (0.66) and observed heterozygosity (0.96), as well as the maximum amount of Shannon's information index (1.09) were for SSRs Xgwm149 and Xgwm160. Cluster analysis based on 19 SSR loci, by simple matching similarity coefficient and UPGMA method, grouped 50 cultivars in three major categories. Similarity coefficients ranged from 0.44 to 1 with a mean value of 0.72. High similarity coefficients achieved within each cluster showed that bread wheat breeding programs in Iran have reduced the genetic diversity, making it necessary to extend the genetic base of bread wheat collection. Also, according to the enough genetic distance between groups, cultivars in divergent groups could be potentially used as parents in wheat breeding programs.
Keywords
Bread wheat, SSR markers, Expected heterozygosity, Shannon’s information index