ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪﻫﺎی ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ و ﭘﺎﺟﻮش ﮔﻴﺎه ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ SSR
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عنوان دوره: سیزدهمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ایران
نویسندگان
1داﻧﺸﺠﻮی ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ، ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ راﻣﻴﻦ، ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن
2اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ راﻣﻴﻦ، ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن
چکیده
ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ (Phoenix dactylifera) ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺎﺟﻮش ﻛﻨﺪ و ﭘﺮزﺣﻤﺖ و ﮔﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻣﺮوزه از روشﻫﺎی ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ دﻳﮕﺮ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻋﺪم ﺛﺒﺎت ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎی ﻛﺸﺖﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻧﺨﻠﺪاران از اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ، 10 رﻗﻢ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﭘﺎﺟﻮﺷﻲ و ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 20 آﻏﺎزﮔﺮ SSR ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ 4 آﻏﺎزﮔﺮ DP172 ،PDAAG1023 ،mPdCIR044 و PDAAG1025 ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 38 ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ و اﻣﺘﻴﺎزﺑﻨﺪی ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ای Ward ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ Nie ارﻗﺎم را ﺑﻪ 3 ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮد. در ﮔﺮوه اول ارﻗﺎم زاﻫﺪی ﭘﺎﺟﻮﺷﻲ و ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ و ارﻗﺎم ﭘﻴﺎرم ﭘﺎﺟﻮﺷﻲ و ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ، در ﮔﺮوه دوم ارﻗﺎم دﻳﺮی ﭘﺎﺟﻮﺷﻲ و ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ و در ﮔﺮوه ﺳﻮم ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺮﺣﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﺎدری ارﻗﺎم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﺑﻮد،اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﻲرود ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ زﻳﺎدی ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﻮد. ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺪام از آﻏﺎزﮔﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ و ﭘﺎﺟﻮﺷﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻧﺪادﻧﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺮای ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ اﺳﺖ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی اﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺪادی درﺧﺖ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎدی ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺷﺪه از ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. روش ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺳﻮﻣﺎﻛﻠﻮﻧﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. ﺗﻨﻮع ﺳﻮﻣﺎﻛﻠﻮﻧﺎل را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ دو دﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد اﻟﻒ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ وراﺛﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺟﻬﺶﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات در DNA ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ب ﺗﻨﻮع اﭘﻲ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ (ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ وراﺛﺖ)ﻛﻪ در اﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﻨﻮﺗﻴﭙﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ.
کلیدواژه ها
Title
Genetic diversity of tissue culture date palm seedlings based on SSR markers
Authors
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is propagated traditionally through the offshoot. Date reproduction using this method is laborious and expensive. That's why today amplification methods, including the use of tissue culture. However, in some cases, seedlings generated by tissue culture faced with instability and this has caused these types of farmers not be welcomed.In order to explore the genetic diversity of 10 cultivars of date palm offshoots and their tissue culture 20 SSR primers were used. Out of 20 obtained primers, only 4 primers could show the divergancy bertween cultivars. In this study, a total of 38 DNA feregments (locus) were reproduced and scored. According to cophenetic coefficient and the clusters shape, WARD cluster analysis using Nei disance coefficient was chosen and the data were grouped into three main groups which is confiremd by discrimination function analysis and PCA. According to the results of very low level of genetic diversity was observed among tissue culture and their offshoots for each cultivar. Plant tissue culture is leading to somaclonal variation. Somaclonal variation can be divided into two categories: (a) genetic diversity (high heritability) which is caused by mutations or other changes in the DNA and (b) diversity of epigenetic (non-inherited) in which there is a temporary effect phenotypic changes.
Keywords
genetic diversity, date seedlings, SSR, Tissue culture, offshoot