بررسی توزیع اکو-جغرافیایی ژنهای مؤثر در بهاره سازی در ارقام اصلاح شده گندم ایران
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عنوان دوره: سیزدهمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ایران
نویسندگان
1حبیب الله قزوینی؛ 2سید حمیدرضا رمضانی؛ 3محسن ابراهیمی؛ 4محمدرضا جلال کمالی؛ 3علی ایزدی دربندی؛ 5سوزان دریزیگیکر
1داﻧﺸﻴﺎر ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻏﻼت ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر ﻛﺮج
2داﻧﺸﺠﻮی دﻛﺘﺮای ژﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮی ﭘﺮدﻳﺲ اﺑﻮرﻳﺤﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان
3داﻧﺸﻴﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم زراﻋﻲ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﭘﺮدﻳﺲ اﺑﻮرﻳﺤﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان
4ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ارﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ذرت و ﮔﻨﺪم (CIMMYT) در اﻳﺮان
5محقق آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ذرت و ﮔﻨﺪم (CIMMYT)
چکیده
ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ارﻗﺎم ﮔﻨﺪم در واﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺎره ﺳﺎزی و واﻛـﻨﺶ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮل روز ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد از ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻛﺸﺖ ﮔﻨﺪم را در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﻟﺬا آﮔﺎﻫﻲ از ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻛـﻮ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴـﺎﻳﻲ ژﻧﻬﺎی دﺧﻴﻞ در ﻧﻴﺎز ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ از ﺿﺮورﻳﺎت ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﻣﺪرن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر 119 ﻻﻳﻦ و رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن اﻳﺮان ﻛـﻪ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﻣﻠﻲ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی اﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﺖ و اﻳﻜﺎردا ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻳﻦ ژﻧﻬـﺎ ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘ ﻨـﺪ از ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﺮﻫﺎی اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ واﻛﻨﺶ ﻫﺎی زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ای ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮاز )STS-PCR( ﺑﺮای ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ آﻟﻠﻬﺎی ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در اﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺖ در ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫـﺎی ژﻧﻲ Vrn-D1 ،Vrn-B1 ،Vrn-A1 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع و ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﮔﺮو اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ اﻳﻦ ژن ﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﻳـﺮان، ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺪاول ﻛﺸﺖ اﻳﻦ ارﻗﺎم و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎی اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ آﻟﻠﻬﺎ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧـﺮم اﻓـﺰار GIS Mapﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ.
ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻬﺎره 65/5 درﺻﺪ از ﻛﻞ ارﻗﺎم را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺳﺮﻣﺎ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻨﻮع ﺗﻴﭗ رﺷﺪی اﻳﻦ ارﻗﺎم در ﺑﻴﻦ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﺮان واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎی زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻬﺎره ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻫﺎی ﮔﺮم ﺟﻨﻮب و ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ﺑﻮد، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ دﻣﺎی ﻣﺎه ژاﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻻی 4 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﻮد. در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺳﺮد ﺑﻮد،ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ دﻣﺎی ﻣﺎه ژاﻧﻮﻳﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ 7 ﺗﺎ 4 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد در ﻧﻮﺳﺎن ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﺑﻴﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﺗﻨﻮع آﻟﻠﻲ در ﻣﻜﺎن ژﻧﻲVRN ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ 27 رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم واﺟﺪ آﻟﻞ Vrn-A1a، 1 رﻗﻢ واﺟﺪ آﻟﻞ Vrn-A1b، 21 رﻗﻢ واﺟﺪ آﻟﻞ Vrn-A1v و 62 رﻗﻢ واﺟﺪ آﻟﻞ Vrn-A1w ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ژﻧﻲ Vrn-B1، 46 رﻗﻢ واﺟﺪ آﻟﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ و 37 رﻗﻢ دارای آﻟﻞ ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ژﻧﻲ Vrn-D1، 64 رﻗﻢ واﺟﺪ آﻟﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ و 34 رﻗﻢ دارای آﻟﻞ ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری و اﻃﻼع از ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ، ﺑﻬﻨﮋادﮔﺮان را ﻗﺎدر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺴﻠﻬﺎی در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﻮق دﻫﻨﺪ.
ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻬﺎره 65/5 درﺻﺪ از ﻛﻞ ارﻗﺎم را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺳﺮﻣﺎ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻨﻮع ﺗﻴﭗ رﺷﺪی اﻳﻦ ارﻗﺎم در ﺑﻴﻦ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﺮان واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎی زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻴﭗ ﺑﻬﺎره ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻫﺎی ﮔﺮم ﺟﻨﻮب و ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ﺑﻮد، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ دﻣﺎی ﻣﺎه ژاﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻻی 4 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﻮد. در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺗﻴﭗ زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺳﺮد ﺑﻮد،ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ دﻣﺎی ﻣﺎه ژاﻧﻮﻳﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ 7 ﺗﺎ 4 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد در ﻧﻮﺳﺎن ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﺑﻴﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﺗﻨﻮع آﻟﻠﻲ در ﻣﻜﺎن ژﻧﻲVRN ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ 27 رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم واﺟﺪ آﻟﻞ Vrn-A1a، 1 رﻗﻢ واﺟﺪ آﻟﻞ Vrn-A1b، 21 رﻗﻢ واﺟﺪ آﻟﻞ Vrn-A1v و 62 رﻗﻢ واﺟﺪ آﻟﻞ Vrn-A1w ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ژﻧﻲ Vrn-B1، 46 رﻗﻢ واﺟﺪ آﻟﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ و 37 رﻗﻢ دارای آﻟﻞ ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ژﻧﻲ Vrn-D1، 64 رﻗﻢ واﺟﺪ آﻟﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ و 34 رﻗﻢ دارای آﻟﻞ ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری و اﻃﻼع از ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ، ﺑﻬﻨﮋادﮔﺮان را ﻗﺎدر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺴﻠﻬﺎی در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﻮق دﻫﻨﺪ.
کلیدواژه ها
Title
Ecogeographical distribution of Vrn-genes in Iranian wheat cultivars
Authors
Abstract
The cold resistance in wheat cultivars that been controlled with compatibility procedure to environment such as vernalization requirement and photoperiod reaction, has been factors for success in cold regions. Thus, knowledge of the eco-geoghraphical distribution of influencing vernalization requirement and photoperiod reaction genes is essential for modern breeding program. To do so, 119 lines and cultivars of Iranian wheat that generate from CIMMYT and ICARDA worldwide breeding programs, were studied. Specific primers based on the polymerase chain reaction (STS-PCR) to identify alleles affecting the sensitivity to vernalization were used in Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 loci. For agro-ecological study of the diversity and distribution of these genes in Iran, data layers were prepared using GIS Map software. To do so, were used the latest set of tables in the culture of the dominant cultivars in each region.
Results showed that spring type was 65/5% of whole and their diversity depending on the coldness of winter. Spring type cultivars mainly adapted to south warm and moderate climates where average January temperature was above 4 oC. On the contrary, winter type adapted to areas of average January temperature from -7 oC to 4 oC. The allelic variation in VRN loci showed that 27 cultivars were eligible the allele Vrn-A1a, 1 figure possessing the allele Vrn-A1b, 21 varieties and 62 varieties possessing Vrn-A1v and Vrn-A1w alleles respectively. In Vrn-B1 locus, 46 varieties possess a dominant allele and 37 cultivars were recessive. In Vrn-D1 locus, 64 varieties possess a dominant allele and 34 ones were recessive. With determining genotypes based on of these traits, breeders will enable to lead segregation generations to better compatibility.
Results showed that spring type was 65/5% of whole and their diversity depending on the coldness of winter. Spring type cultivars mainly adapted to south warm and moderate climates where average January temperature was above 4 oC. On the contrary, winter type adapted to areas of average January temperature from -7 oC to 4 oC. The allelic variation in VRN loci showed that 27 cultivars were eligible the allele Vrn-A1a, 1 figure possessing the allele Vrn-A1b, 21 varieties and 62 varieties possessing Vrn-A1v and Vrn-A1w alleles respectively. In Vrn-B1 locus, 46 varieties possess a dominant allele and 37 cultivars were recessive. In Vrn-D1 locus, 64 varieties possess a dominant allele and 34 ones were recessive. With determining genotypes based on of these traits, breeders will enable to lead segregation generations to better compatibility.
Keywords
wheat, Eco-geographical distribution, Vernalization genes, GIS, Adaptability